Application and Advantages of Servo Systems in Modern Industry

2024-06-27

Basic Principles of Servo Systems

Servo systems achieve precise control of mechanical motion through feedback control. The working principle mainly includes the following steps:

1. **Input Signal**: The controller sends a command, usually a set value of position, speed, or acceleration.

2. **Sensor Feedback**: Sensors (such as encoders or tachometers) measure the actual mechanical movement in real-time and send the measurements back to the controller.

3. **Error Calculation**: The controller compares the input signal with the feedback signal and calculates the error.

4. **Error Correction**: The controller generates a correction signal based on the error, driving the actuator (such as a servo motor) to adjust the movement to reach the set value.

Components of Servo Systems

1. **Controller**: The core part used for processing input and feedback signals, calculating errors, and generating correction signals. Common controllers include PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and DCS (Distributed Control System).

2. **Actuator**: Usually a servo motor or hydraulic servo system, which receives correction signals from the controller and drives the mechanism for precise movement.

3. **Sensor**: Such as encoders, photoelectric sensors, and magnetic sensors, used to monitor the mechanical movement status in real-time and feed it back to the controller.

4. **Driver**: Used to amplify the controller's signal to drive the actuator for movement.

Applications of Servo Systems

1. **Packaging Machinery**: In automatic packaging machines, servo systems are used for precise control of material feeding, cutting, and sealing processes, improving packaging speed and accuracy.

2. **CNC Machines**: In CNC machines, servo systems control the movement path and speed of the tools, ensuring machining precision and surface quality.

3. **Industrial Robots**: In robots, servo systems control the movement of each joint, achieving high precision and high-speed operations.

4. **Printing Equipment**: In printing equipment, servo systems control paper feeding, image alignment, and printing speed, ensuring print quality and efficiency.